2026-05-27T23:51:30Z https://www.fdr.uni-hamburg.de/oai2d

oai:fdr.uni-hamburg.de:10189 2024-02-27T09:04:56Z user-csmc user-uhh

true 3.1 UHH.FDR 10.1007/s12520-021-01320-5 Nehring, Grzegorz Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Bonnerot, Olivier 0000-0001-8196-4992 Centre for the Study of Manuscript Cultures (CSMC), Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Gerhardt, Marius Ägyptisches Museum und Papyrussammlung, SMB Krutzsch, Myriam Ägyptisches Museum und Papyrussammlung, SMB Rabin, Ira 0000-0002-8994-1653 Centre for the Study of Manuscript Cultures (CSMC), Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) Universität Hamburg 2022 Black writing ink Hellenistic Papyrus XRF imaging NIR imaging 2022-05-04 en Journal article https://www.fdr.uni-hamburg.de/record/oai:fdr.uni-hamburg.de:10189 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Open Access <p>In the transition from carbon to iron-gall inks, the two documents from the Egyptian Museum and Papyrus Collection in Berlin<br> with shelfmarks P 13500 and P 13501 discussed in this work present an important case. Their inks appear brownish, although<br> they date back to the fourth and third century BCE, when carbon inks are believed to have been commonly if not exclusively<br> used. Using imaging micro-X-ray fluorescence and infrared reflectography, we discovered that the inks in both documents<br> contain a significant amount of copper in addition to carbon. Comparing the extant recipes for black writing inks and the<br> experimental evidence, we suggest that these inks are a transition between the pure carbon and the iron-gall inks. Such inks<br> may have been quite common before the production of iron-gall ink was clearly understood and established.</p> Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL. This research was partly funded by the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG) and within the scope of the Centre for the Study of Manuscript Cultures (CSMC) at the Universität Hamburg. {"references": ["https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-021-01320-5"]}